The catalyst of Student Government is the Student Senate. Made up of students in all classes from various colleges across the university, residence halls and off-campus students, the Senate is charged with representing each and every Appalachian student to Student Government. Senate elections are held in the fall. If seats are still open following elections, students may petition into the Senate by gaining one hundred signatures from students across campus. Applications to fill a vacant Senate seat may be picked up in the Student Government office, on the second floor of Plemmons Student Union.

The ASU Student Senate is designed and works similarly to how the United States Senate is structured. The Vice President of the Student Body presides over the Senate, while Senators write legislation and present it to the body. If the Senate passes the legislation, it is the charge of the President of the Student Body to present the legislation to the appropriate administrator and ensure that the wishes of the senate are carried out. All legislation passed by the Student Senate is considered an official reccomendation from the student body.